半夏的毒性药效及炮制方法的研究进展
摘 要 半夏为天南星科有毒中药,具有强烈的刺激性毒性,临床上通常以制品入药。本文通过查阅近几年的相关文献,总结半夏的毒性和药效及常用的炮制方法,以深入阐明毒效物质基础和作用机制,为半夏的临床安全用药提供保障。
关键词 半夏;毒性;药效;炮制;综述
Abstract Pinellia is a toxic Chinese medicine of Araceae, which has strong irritating toxicity and is usually used as a medicine in clinical practice. Through reviewing the relevant literatures in recent years, this paper summarizes the toxicity and efficacy of Pinellia ternata and the commonly used processing methods to further clarify the basis and mechanism of toxicological substances, and provide guarantee for the clinical safety of Pinellia ternata.
Key Words Pinellia ternata; toxicity; pharmacodynamics; processing;review
半夏,别称地文、守田等,是天南星科药用植物半夏Pinellia ternate ( Thunb.) Breit.的干燥块茎,能够燥湿化痰、消痞散结、降逆止呕[41]。其味辛辣、麻舌而具有刺舌感,能戟人咽喉,故被列为有毒中药。现代药理学研究表明,在一定剂量范围内,半夏炮制或配伍他药用,具有镇咳祛痰、镇吐催吐、镇静催眠等作用。半夏的不良反应主要指半夏的毒性,表现为神经毒性及强烈的刺激性。生用微量、炮制或使用剂量不当均可导致中毒,引起失音、呕吐、腹泻等。临床上半夏常炮制后使用以降低毒性,增强疗效。
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